Dividends and Distribution Information
Tax Matters
The following discussion of federal income tax matters is based
on the advice of our counsel, Paul, Hastings, Janofsky & Walker
LLP. This section summarizes the material U.S. federal income tax
consequences of owning our securities for U.S. taxpayers. Tax laws
and interpretations change frequently, and this summary does not
describe all of the tax consequences to all taxpayers. For example,
this summary generally does not describe your situation if you are
a non-U.S. person, a broker-dealer, or other investor with special
circumstances. In addition, this section does not describe your
state, local or foreign taxes. As with any investment, you should
consult your own tax professional about your particular
consequences.
We are treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes.
Thus, we are obligated to pay federal income tax on our taxable
income. We are also obligated to pay state income tax on our
taxable income, either because the states follow the federal
treatment or because the states separately impose a tax on us. We
invest our assets principally in MLPs, which generally are treated
as partnerships for federal income tax purposes. As a partner in
the MLPs, we have to report our allocable share of the MLP's
taxable income in computing our taxable income. Based upon our
review of the historic results of the type of MLPs in which we
invest, we expect that the cash flow received by us with respect to
our MLP investments will exceed the taxable income allocated to us.
There is no assurance that our expectation regarding the tax
character of MLP distributions will be realized. If this
expectation is not realized, there will be greater tax expense
borne by us and less cash available to distribute to stockholders.
In addition, we will take into account in our taxable income
amounts of gain or loss recognized on the sale of MLP units.
Currently, the maximum regular federal income tax rate for a
corporation is generally 35%, but we may be subject to a 20%
alternative minimum tax on our alternative minimum taxable income
to the extent that the alternative minimum tax exceeds our regular
income tax. We will accrue deferred tax liabilities associated with
unrealized capital gains on our investments.
As a corporation for tax purposes, our earnings and profits are
calculated using accounting methods that are different from tax
calculation methods. For instance, to calculate our earnings and
profits we will use the straightline depreciation method rather
than the accelerated depreciation method. This treatment may, for
example, affect our earnings and profits if an MLP in which we
invest calculates its income using accelerated depreciation. Our
earnings and profits would not be increased solely by the income
passed through from the MLP, but we would also have to include in
our earnings and profits the amount by which the accelerated
depreciation exceeded straight-line depreciation.
Because of the differences in the manner in which earnings and
profits and taxable income are calculated, we may make
distributions out of earnings and profits, treated as dividends, in
years in which we have no taxable income.
In addition, in calculating our alternative minimum taxable
income, certain percentage depletion deductions and intangible
drilling costs may be treated as items of tax preference. Items of
tax preference increase alternative minimum taxable income and
increase the likelihood that we may be subject to alternative
minimum tax. We have not, and we will not, elect to be treated as a
regulated investment company under the Code. The Code generally
provides that a regulated investment company does not pay an entity
level income tax, provided that it distributes all or substantially
all of its income. Thus, the regulated investment company taxation
rules have no current application to us or to our stockholders.
Unlike a holder of a direct interest in MLPs, a stockholder will
not include its allocable share of our income, gains, losses or
deductions in computing its own taxable income. Our distributions
are treated as a taxable dividend to the stockholder to the extent
of our current or accumulated earnings and profits. If the
distribution exceeds our earnings and profits, the distribution
will be treated as a return of capital to our common stockholders
to the extent of the stockholder's basis in our common stock, and
then as capital gain. Common stockholders will receive a Form 1099
from us (rather than a Schedule K-1 from each MLP if the
stockholder had invested directly in the MLPs) and will recognize
dividend income only to the extent of our current and accumulated
earnings and profits.
The Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003
amended the federal income tax law generally to reduce the maximum
federal income tax rate of qualified dividend income to the rate
applicable to long-term capital gains, which is generally 15% for
individuals, provided a holding period requirement and certain
other requirements are met. The portion of our distributions of
cash and other income from investments treated as a dividend for
federal income tax purposes should be treated as qualified dividend
income for federal income tax purposes for noncorporate
stockholders if certain requirements are met. This reduced rate of
tax on dividends is currently scheduled to revert to ordinary
income rates for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2010
and the 15% federal income tax rate for long-term capital gain is
scheduled to revert to 20% for such taxable years. To be treated as
qualified dividend income, the stockholder must hold the shares
paying otherwise qualifying dividend income more than 60 days
during the 121-day period beginning 60 days before the ex-dividend
date (or more than 90 days during the 181-day period beginning 90
days before the ex-dividend date in the case of certain preferred
stock dividends). This holding period is tolled for periods during
which the taxpayer's risk of loss with respect to the stock is
diminished. Eligibility for treatment as qualified dividend income
may be affected by a Holder's securities lending transactions,
short sales and other similar transactions.
In addition, dividends paid to corporate stockholders may be
eligible for the dividends received deduction under Section 243 of
the Code if certain applicable holding period requirements are met.
Corporate holders should be aware that certain limitations apply to
the availability of the dividends received deduction, including
limitations on the aggregate amount of the deduction that may be
claimed and limitations based on the holding period of the shares,
which holding period may be reduced if the holder engages in risk
reduction transactions with respect to its shares. Corporate
holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the
application of these limitations to their particular situation.
If a holder of our common stock participates in our automatic
dividend reinvestment plan, such stockholder will be taxed upon the
amount of distributions as if such amount had been received by the
participating stockholder and the participating stockholder
reinvested such amount in additional common stock.
Our common stock dividends also may be subject to state and
local taxes. Tax matters are very complicated, and the federal,
state and local tax consequences of an investment in and holding of
our securities will depend on the facts of each investor's
situation. Investors are encouraged to consult their own tax
advisors regarding the specific tax consequences that may affect
them.
Investing in our common stock involves certain tax risks, which
are more fully described in our prospectus and other SEC
filings.
As required by U.S. Treasury Regulations governing tax practice,
you are hereby advised that any written tax advice contained herein
was not written or intended to be used (and cannot be used) by any
taxpayer for the purpose of avoiding penalties that may be imposed
under the Internal Revenue Code. The advice was prepared to support
the promotion or marketing of the transactions or matters addressed
by the written advice.
Any person reviewing this discussion should seek advice based on
such person's particular circumstances from an independent tax
advisor.